Fracking is short for hydraulic fracturing, a process used to increase the flow of oil and gas from underground wells. According to this article about the controversy over fracking, incoming Governor Tom Corbett is seen as friendlier to the gas industry than outgoing governor Ed Rendell. Here's some more info about the Marcellus Shale rock formation, where the drilling is taking place.

Matt Rourke / AP
Fracking opponents protest before the Tom Corbett inauguration to become the 46th governor of Pennsylvania at the state capitol in Harrisburg, Pa., Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011.
Protest at Pennsylvania governor's inauguration against hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas industry
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Fracturing was known in the early 1980s to cause severe environmental problems. A scientist I know wrote a report outlining the problems to government authorities in Colorado. The report was never published because of opposition by Dick Cheney. All parties who wrote the report were fired.