Daniel Berehulak / Getty Images

A caretaker looks on as 7 year old elephant Laxmi rubs plays with her daughter 13 month old Rani during the Sonepur Mela on Nov. 15, 2011 in Sonepur near Patna, India. The cattle fair, held in the Indian state of Bihar, has its origins during ancient times, when people traded elephants and horses across the auspicious river Ganges. The mela used to attract traders from places as distant as Central Asia. It is one of Asia's largest cattle fairs and lasts for a fortnight.

Kevin Frayer / AP

An Indian women combs the hair of another after taking a holy dip in the Ganges River at the site of the Sonepur Fair, in Sonepur, India, on Tuesday, Nov. 15, 2011. The fair, which is held annually, was originally a cattle and animal market where traders bought and sold livestock on the holy river Ganges.

If you are looking to trade an elephant or purchase cattle and other livestock, it seems the Sonepur Mela is the place to be. Continuing a longstanding tradition, elephants are beautifully decorated to attract potential customers coming from all over Asia to attend the fair.

Daniel Berehulak / Getty Images

An elephant is painted in decorative colors during the Sonepur Mela on Nov. 15, 2011 in Sonepur near Patna, India.

Previously on PhotoBlog: Thousands of animals are traded at the Pushkar camel fair

Sukree Sukplang / Reuters

Mahouts ride on elephants to clear dead bushes and twigs from the ruins of a temple following floods in Thailand's ancient capital Ayutthaya on November 10.

Rungroj Yongrit / EPA

Volunteers clean a reclining Buddha statue after floodwaters drained away at Wat Yai Chaimongkol ancient temple in the world heritage historical park in Ayutthaya province on November 10.

Sukree Sukplang / Reuters

A Mahout rides on an elephant to clear a log which was left in the grounds of a temple after floodwaters receded in Ayutthaya on November 10.

See more images of the flooding affecting Thailand on Photoblog and read our latest story on the ongoing effects of the flood.

Sri Lanka began surveying its wild elephant population living in national parks as part of a conservation drive to protect the dwindling animals. The island's elephant population has dwindled to some 4,000 from a high of 12,000 recorded in 1900s, according to the Department of Wildlife Conservation. The two-day survey ends on August 13.

Ishara S. Kodikara / AFP - Getty Images

Sri Lankan wild elephants play at a wild life sanctuary in Minneriya on August 12, 2011.

Ishara S. Kodikara / AFP - Getty Images

Sri Lankan wild elephants walk through a field at a wild life sanctuary in Minneriya on August 12.

Ishara S. Kodikara / AFP - Getty Images

A lone Sri Lankan wild elephant plays in the sand at a wild life sanctuary in Minneriya on August 12.

Ivan Milutinovic / Reuters

A zookeeper sprays water on a polar bear to help it cool down at Belgrade's zoo July 13.

Ivan Milutinovic / Reuters

Children watch as water is sprayed on an Asian elephant to help it cool down at Belgrade's zoo July 13.

Ivan Milutinovic / Reuters

A zookeeper sprays water on a hippopotamus to help it cool down at Belgrade's zoo July 13, 2011 as an intense heat wave sweeps Serbia with temperature reaching 104 degree Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).

It must be hot for a polar bear in that kind of heat. I'm guessing zoos across the Midwest and Northeast United States will be doing the same thing today as a heat wave continues there.

See more animals in our new Animal Tracks blog.

I see almost 10,000 pictures a day, and many document some form of suffering. Some of that suffering is incidental as people try to survive, some happens in chaotic situations, and some is intentional. But in all of it, I've never seen an image of such a deliberate infliction of misery.

What's particularly effective about this picture is the baby elephant's flinch. She knows it's going to hurt - you can see her shying away from the blow, which is the point: to cause enough pain to break her will.

To learn how you can affect the situation, read on for a Q&A with photojournalist Brent Lewin, who won a Science/Natural History Award of Excellence for this image at the Pictures of the Year competition.

Brent Lewin / Redux Pictures

A baby elephant braces for a hit during a training session in a Karen village in Burma. The training session is coined the 'crush' as its goal is to break the elephant's spirit. Wild elephants are typically tied up and beaten for 3 days straight and left to starve. Burmese Karen mahouts near the Thai border operate a clandestine and illegal trade network smuggling elephants into Thailand to be sold to mahouts for the Thai tourism industry. Officials estimate that 1 Burmese elephant is smuggled into Thailand every week.

Q: What led you to this story, and how did you manage to make this picture? What were any difficulties you experienced?

A: I've been working on documenting the plight of the Asian elephant and their caregivers in Thailand since 2007. It started out with following mahouts and elephants that would beg on the street in Bangkok but as the story began revealing itself it started to become clear that the business that surrounds elephants is responsible for a lot of the problems. With elephant numbers on the decline for a long time in Thailand, the supply of elephants has been coming from smugglers across the border in Burma.

I went to Burma specifically to try and photograph elephants being trained. I had a contact there from an organization in Thailand but it turned out to be a bust. We drove for hours on a motorbike through a dirt path in the jungle only to find out that training had finished a few days before. I started asking around and a local did some research and found out about a young elephant that was set to be trained. We set off on another path in the jungle and showed up and managed to sweet talk our way in. The young elephant's mother was tied up near the training device and became really uncomfortable when she saw what was about to happen. I've never heard an elephant scream like that before, it felt like the ground shook and she actually broke off her chain and charged at mahouts and myself. The mahouts eventually scared the mother into submission and tied her up again and then started training her baby. The baby elephant was terrified and started crying. The biggest difficulty I experienced was not being able to put a stop to it. There was a point when the elephant just resigned to what was happening and stood still, the life in her eyes disappeared. It was a look that was haunting.

Q: How common is this practice?

A: It's a very traditional technique and quite common but it can vary in terms of the level of violence. It's not all black and white either, some progressive camps use positive reinforcement instead of beatings. There was a time when foreigners could watch elephant training in Thailand but some negative images came out and it's almost impossible as a foreigner to see this now.

Q: Are there organizations in the region working to prevent this treatment of elephants?

A:There are some good organizations working to protect elephants in Thailand. Elephant Nature Park and Elephant Conservation Network are doing really good work.

Q: How can tourists visiting Thailand either be part of the problem or part of the solution?

A: Though they are rare, supporting progressive elephant tourism companies that have an interest in conservation is a good place to start. Try to avoid supporting tourism that uses elephants to perform circus tricks. These outfits almost always chain their elephants up all day separated from one another. If you see an elephant being abused speak out and tell the owner. I'm confident in the coming years elephant tourism will change in Thailand and offer an alternative model to the one in place now.

Q: What has been the response to this image?

A: Disbelief and horror.

Jason Straziuso / AP

Elephants exit Africa's first dedicated elephant underpass near the slopes of Mt. Kenya on Jan. 24. Conservationists say the tunnel connects two elephant habitats that had been cut off from each other for years by human development.

Jason Straziuso / AP

Elephants exit Africa's first dedicated elephant underpass near the slopes of Mt. Kenya on Jan. 24. Conservationists say the tunnel connects two elephant habitats that had been cut off from each other for years by human development.

The 15-foot-high (4.5-meter-high) tunnel opened for elephant business around Christmas, and on Jan. 1 a bull elephant named Tony made the first crossing. Accompanied by two other young males, Tony moved through the underpass again on Monday as seen in these photos. Full story.

Partners in the underpass project included the Mount Kenya Trust, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and Save The Elephants.