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Osman Orsal / Reuters file
A sequence of photos shows riot police using tear gas against an unidentified woman in Istanbul's Taksim Square on May 28.
ISTANBUL - In her red cotton summer dress, necklace and white bag slung over her shoulder she might have been floating across the lawn at a garden party; but before her crouches a masked policeman firing teargas spray that sends her long hair billowing upwards.
Endlessly shared on social media and replicated as a cartoon on posters and stickers, the image of the "woman in red" has become the leitmotif for female protesters during days of violent anti-government demonstrations in Istanbul.
"That photo encapsulates the essence of this protest," said math student Esra at Besiktas, near the Bosphorus strait and one of the centres of this week's protests. "The violence of the police against peaceful protesters, people just trying to protect themselves and what they value."
In one graphic copy plastered on walls the woman appears much bigger than the policeman. "The more you spray the bigger we get" reads the slogan next to it.
Hundreds of protesters have clashed with police across Turkey, with at least one fatality. The dissent has rapidly spread into a mass protest against the Prime Minister Tayyip Erdgoan, who blamed the violence on extremists and rejected any comparison with the Arab Spring. Channel 4's International Editor Lindsey Hilsum reports.
The United States and the European Union as well as human rights groups have expressed concern about the heavy-handed action of Turkish police against protesters.
Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan branded the protesters on Monday extremists "living arm in arm with terrorism," a description that seems to sit ill with the image of the woman in red.
There were others dressed in more combative gear and sporting face masks as they threw stones, but the large number of very young women in Besiktas and on Taksim Square where the protests began on Friday evening is notable.
With swimming goggles and flimsy surgical masks against the teargas, light tasseled scarves hanging around their necks, Esra, Hasine and Secil stood apprehensively in the Besiktas district on Monday evening, joined by ever growing numbers of youngsters as dusk fell and the mood grew more sombre.
They belong, as perhaps does the woman in red, to the ranks of young, articulate women who believe they have something to lose in Erdogan's Turkey. They feel threatened by his promotion of the Islamic headscarf, symbol of female piety.
Stringer / AFP - Getty Images
Protests that started as an outcry against a local development project in Taksim Square have snowballed into widespread anger against what critics say is the government's increasingly conservative and authoritarian agenda.
Many of the women point to new abortion laws as a sign that Erdogan, who has advised Turkish women to each have three children, wants to roll back women's rights and push them into traditional, pious roles.
"I respect women who wear the headscarf, that is their right, but İ also want my rights to be protected," said Esra. "I'm not a leftist or an anti-capitalist. İ want to be a business woman and live in a free Turkey."
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the secular republic formed in 1923 from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, encouraged women to wear Western clothes rather than headscarves and promoted the image of the professional woman. Ironically, Erdogan is seen these days as, for better or worse, the most dominant Turkish leader since Ataturk.
Erdogan was first swept to power in 2002 and remains unrivalled in popularity, drawing on strong support in the conservative Anatolian heartland.
The weekend demonstrations in dozens of cities suggest however his popularity may be dwindling, at least among middle classes who swung behind him in the early years of political and economic reform that cut back the power of the army and introduced some rights amendments.
Aris Messinis / AFP - Getty Images
A couple wearing gas masks walk at a street in Istanbul on Tuesday as the demonstrations continue.
"Erdogan says 50 percent of the people voted for him. I'm here to show I belong to the other 50 percent, the half of the population whose feelings he showed no respect for, the ones he is trying to crush," said chemistry student Hasine.
"I want to have a future here in Turkey, a career, a freedom to live my life. But all these are under threat. I want Erdogan to understand," she added.
Erdogan, a pious man who denies Islamist ambitions for Turkey, rejects any suggestion he wants to cajole anyone into religious observance. He says new alcohol laws, also denounced by the women, have been passed to protect health rather than on religious grounds.
Protesters are coming better prepared now than when the unrest first began. Some have hard-hats, some are dressed all in black, most wear running shoes. But many are dressed as femininely as the girl in the red dress snapped on Taksim Square.
"Of course I'm nervous and I know I could be in danger here. But for me that is nothing compared to the danger of losing the Turkish Republic, its freedoms and spirit," said 23 year-old economics student Busra, who says her parents support her protest.
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